Ventricular septal defect
A ventricular septal defect is a hole between the ventricles.
Ventricular septal defect closure devices
VSD Closure
Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defect using a device.
What is a ventricular septal defect?
In the normal heart, the wall that separates the right and left ventricles, called the " interventricular septum ", is completely hermetic. A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the presence of a more or less large orifice in this wall, allowing blood to pass directly from one ventricle to the other. VSDs can be congenital (i.e. present at birth) or acquired following a myocardial infarction. The consequences of this malformation depend essentially on the size of the communication and the speed at which it develops. A VSD following a myocardial infarction is generally very serious and its closure can only be considered if the patient's condition remains stable for one month. Congenital VSDs that occur in adulthood will require an evaluation by a right heart catheterization before deciding to close them.
So why is the closure of VSD is being proposed?
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Restore normal circulation: Closing the VSD restores normal blood circulation. Oxygenated blood can then be distributed efficiently throughout the body, without overloading the lungs.
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Preventing complications: Persistence of VSD can lead to complications, such as lung infections, valve infections, heart failure, and pulmonary arterial hypertension .
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Improve quality of life: By closing the VSD, the patient's quality of life is improved by avoiding the symptoms associated with this malformation (shortness of breath).
Implementation of the CIV Closure:
Your examination takes place in the interventional cardiology unit.
When you are admitted to the cardiology department, you will be asked to put on a hospital gown. You will need to remove all jewelry, underwear and socks.
A small area of your groin will be shaved which will be the entrance route for the examination.
A stretcher-bearer will take you to the catheterization room in your bed. You will be helped onto a narrow, hard table. It will be a little cold in the room. Around you, you will see X-ray machines and monitors. Small sticky patches will be placed on your chest. These will be connected to a heart monitoring machine. Your body will be covered with a large sterile drape.
The procedure involves implanting a metal mesh prosthesis into the VSD. This flexible prosthesis is implanted by cardiac catheterization via a puncture of the femoral vein and artery under local anesthesia. General anesthesia may be performed if a transesophageal ultrasound is deemed necessary.
In the absence of complications, the patient returns to his room and is monitored for 4 to 6 hours. Discharge is possible the next day after an ultrasound check.
What are the complications of a VSD closure procedure?
Despite the experience of the operators and the significant technical progress concerning catheters and prostheses, this is an invasive procedure involving risks:
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allergic complications most often linked to the use of anesthesia products.
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Vascular complications at the femoral puncture site: the most common is a hematoma which results in a bluish appearance usually without consequence and disappearing after a few days. Rarely (<1% of cases), a vascular injury may require surgical repair or transfusion.
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cardiovascular complications during the hospital period : they are very rare (<0.5% of cases) of stroke, hemorrhagic effusion around the heart or displacement of the prosthesis, which may require additional intervention, sometimes surgical.
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Cardiac complications after hospital discharge : Very rarely, displacement of the prosthesis or localized infection may occur.
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complications leading to death : they are very exceptional (<0.1%).
It is important to note that these complications are rare, and the benefits of VSD closure usually outweigh the risks.
Ventricular septal defect
Closure of ventricular septal defect
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